Kousik Chatterjee's Blog

Q. What is VNC?

-- Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a graphical desktop sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol (RFB) to remotely control another computer.

Step: 1. Update the System :

# apt-get update

Step: 2. Install VNC :

# apt-get -y install x11vnc

Step: 3. Create VNC Password & Save the Password to /etc/x11vnc.pass :

# x11vnc -storepasswd password /etc/x11vnc.pass 
(Here vnc password will be password)

Step: 4. Make the x11vnc Service Starting at Boot Time :

# vi /etc/init/x11vnc.conf

start on login-session-start
script
/usr/bin/x11vnc -xkb -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -noxrecord -noxfixes -noxdamage -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pass -forever -bg -rfbport 5900 -o /var/log/x11vnc.log
end script

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 5. Run this Command to Start the x11vnc without Reboot :

# /usr/bin/x11vnc -xkb -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -noxrecord -noxfixes -noxdamage -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pass -forever -bg -rfbport 5900 -o /var/log/x11vnc.log

Step: 6. Install VNC viewer & Connect the Server :

https://www.realvnc.com/download/viewer/ 

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About Monitorix:

-- Monitorix is a free, open source, lightweight system monitoring tool designed to monitor as many services and system resources as possible. It has been created to be used under production Linux/UNIX servers, but due to its simplicity and small size can be used on embedded devices as well.

Step: 1. Bind Host File :

# vi /etc/hosts

10.100.100.100    monitor.domain.com    monitor

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Stop Firewall & Disable Selinux :

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=enforing to disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 3. Reboot the System :

# init 6

or

# reboot

Step: 4. Install EPEL Repository :

# yum -y install epel-release

Step: 5. Install Apache Server :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel

Step: 6. Install  the Required Packages :

# yum -y install rrdtool perl rrdtool-perl perl-libwww-perl perl-MailTools perl-MIME-Lite \
   perl-CGI perl-DBI  perl-XML-Simple perl-Config-General perl-HTTP-Server-Simple \
   perl-IO-Socket-SSL wget

Step: 7. Download & Install the Monitorix Package :

# cd /mnt
# wget http://www.monitorix.org/monitorix-3.8.1-1.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install monitorix-3.8.1-1.noarch.rpm

Step: 8. Start Apache & Monitorix Service :

# service httpd restart
# service monitorix start

# chkconfig httpd on
# chkconfig monitorix on

Step: 9. Edit the Monitorix Configure file :

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/monitorix.conf

Alias /monitorix /usr/share/monitorix
ScriptAlias /monitorix-cgi /usr/share/monitorix/cgi-bin

<Directory /usr/share/monitorix/cgi/>
DirectoryIndex monitorix.cgi
Options ExecCGI
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from all       # Alllow connect from the outside
</Directory>

# Apache rules to restrict access to Monitorix:
# Don’t forget to add <username> in .htpasswd with the 'htpasswd' command.

# Uncomment these lines
<Directory "/usr/share/monitorix">
Options Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
allow from all        # Alllow connect from the outside
AllowOverride None
AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
AuthName "Monitorix: Restricted Access..., sorry."

AuthType Basic
Require user <username>
Satisfy Any
</Directory>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 10. Set Password For Monitorix Web Panel :

# htpasswd -cm /etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd monitoradmin
Enter the Password: Password@123

Step: 11. Retart the Apache Service :

# service httpd restart

Step: 12. Connect Monitorix via Web Browser :

http://10.100.100.100/monitorix
User: monitoradmin
Pass: Password@123

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Q. What is Bamboo Server ?
-- Bamboo is a continuous integration (CI) server that can be used to automate the release management for a software application, creating a continuous delivery pipeline.



Requirements :
===========
1. Centos 6.x
2. Apache
3. Java
4. Bamboo License

Note: Get a Bamboo Server License from https://id.atlassian.com/login?application=mac&continue=https://my.atlassian.com. Create a Account here and Get the License Key (Valid for 30 Days)

Step: 1. Stop the IPTables & Disable Selinux :

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Update the Date & Time on the Server :

# yum -y install ntp
# service ntpd restart
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org
# chkconfig ntpd on
# init 6

Step: 3. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.72.220    bamboo.domain.com    bamboo

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 4. Install Apache Server :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel

Step: 5. Configure Virtual Host for Bamboo :

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

-- Changes the Following Lines :

# Line Number 44 - change from OS
ServerTokens Prod

# Line Number 76 - change to ON
KeepAlive On

# Line Number 338 change from None
AllowOverride All

# Line Number 402 add file name that it can access only with directory's name
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm

# Line Number 536 change from On
ServerSignature Off

# Line Number 759 comment out
# AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

# Add at last of the file
RewriteEngine on
CheckCaseOnly On

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/bamboo.domain.com.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName bamboo.domain.com

    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPreserveHost On

    <Proxy *>
        Order Deny,Allow
        Allow from all
    </Proxy>

    ProxyPass / http://localhost:8085/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8085/

    <Location /bamboo>
        Order Allow,Deny
        Allow from all
    </Location>
</VirtualHost>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# cd /var/www/html
# vi index.html

<html>
<head>
    <title>Restricted Zone...!!!</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p>Restricted Zone...!!!</p>
</body>
</html>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 6. Install & Configure Java :

# cd /opt
# wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u73-b02/jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.8.7/bin/java 2
# alternatives --config java

There may Be more that 1 programs which provide 'java'. Select the version Which is downloaded.

Selection    Command
-----------------------------------------------
*  1           /opt/jdk1.7.0_71/bin/java
 + 2           /opt/jdk1.8.0_45/bin/java
   3           /opt/jdk1.8.7/bin/java
  
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 3

# vi /etc/profile.d/java.sh

#!/bin/bash
JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk-9/
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH JAVA_HOME
export CLASSPATH=.

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.7/
# chmod 755 /etc/profile.d/java.sh
# source /etc/profile.d/java.sh

Step: 7. Download & Install Bamboo :

# cd /opt
# wget https://downloads.atlassian.com/software/bamboo/downloads/atlassian-bamboo-5.10.1.1.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf atlassian-bamboo-5.10.1.1.tar.gz
# mv atlassian-bamboo-5.10.1.1 bamboo
# cd bamboo
# vi /opt/bamboo/atlassian-bamboo/WEB-INF/classes/bamboo-init.properties

-- Add this Line :

bamboo.home=/opt/bamboo

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# sh /opt/bamboo/bin/start-bamboo.sh

Step: 8. Browse bamboo.domain.com (Bind the Site Address to your pc's Host File) :

http://bamboo.domain.com

Give the License Key & Follow with the Express Installation Instructions.

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Q. What is PostgreSQL ?

-- PostgreSQL, or Postgres, is a relational database management system that provides an implementation of the SQL querying language. It is a popular choice for many small and large projects and has the advantage of being standards-compliant and having many advanced features like reliable transactions and concurrency without read locks.

Step: 1. Install PostgreSQL :
   
# apt-get updat
# apt-get -y upgrade
# apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib
# vi /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf
   
Step: 2. Edit on line 90 & 92 to make sure the file has :

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust

-- Save & Quit (:wq)
       
# sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql restart
   
Step: 3. Login to postgres :

# sudo -i -u postgres

Step: 4. Set a password for the "postgres" Database role using the Command :

postgres=# \password postgres

Step: 5. To Create a  User :

postgres=# CREATE USER koushik WITH password 'redhat';
CREATE ROLE

Step: 6. To Create a Database :

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE mydb WITH OWNER koushik;
CREATE DATABASE

Step: 7. List of the Database present on the Server :

postgres=# \l

Step: 8. To See all Databases :

postgres=# \l
                                  

Step: 9. To Select a Database :

postgres=# \connect mydb

Step: 10. To Create a Table :

postgres=# CREATE TABLE COMPANY(
   ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
   SALARY         REAL
);

Step: 11. To view Created Tables :

postgres=# \d














Step: 12. Change the Owner of the Table :

postgres=# \connect mydb

mydb=# ALTER TABLE blocks OWNER to koushik;


From the psql Command line Interface :

mydb=# \dt

Step: 13. Drop Database :

postgres@ser4:~$ psql
postgres=# DROP DATABASE mydb;
                            
Step: 14. Restoring the dump Backup of SQL :
   
# sudo -i -u postgres
   
$ psql database_name < /data/backup.sql
   
From Linux/Debian Terminal without login to postgres :

Step: 15. To Create a Database with a User that have full rights on the Database, use the Following Command :

# sudo -u postgres createuser -D -A -P koushik

# sudo -u postgres createdb -O koushik mydb

Note: The first command line creates the user with no database creation rights (-D) with no add user rights -A) and will prompt you for entering a password (-P). The second command line create the database 'mydb with 'koushik' as owner.

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About JAVA :

-- Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. There are lots of applications and websites that will not work unless you have Java installed, and more are created every day. Java is fast, secure, and reliable.

Step: 1. Update the System :

# apt-get update

Step: 2. Add Java Repository :

# add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java

If asked press Enter

# apt-get update

Step: 3. Install Oracle JDK 7 or JDK 8:

# apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
or
# apt-get install oracle-java8-installer
 
Step: 4. Setting the "JAVA_HOME" environment variable :

To set the JAVA_HOME environment variable, which is needed for some programs, first find out the path of your Java installation:

# apt-get install oracle-java7-set-default
or
# apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default
 
#  vi /etc/environment

JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre/bin/java"
or
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java"
 
-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# source /etc/environment
# echo $JAVA_HOME

Step: 5. Check Java Version :

# java -version

java version "1.7.0_76"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_76-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.76-b04, mixed mode)

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Q. What is Drupal?

-- Drupal is content management software. The application includes a content management platform and a development framework. It's used to make many of the websites and applications you use every day. Drupal has great standard features, like easy content authoring, reliable performance, and excellent security.

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

10.100.99.247           ser1.domain.com    ser1

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Disable Selinux & Stop Firewall :

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

Step: 3. Install NTP Server (for Time Syncronization) :

# yum -y install ntp
# service ntpd restart
# chkconfig ntpd on
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org

Step: 4. Install Apache Server :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel

Step: 5. Install MySQL Server 5.6 :

# rpm -Uvh http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install mysql mysql-server

Step: 6. Install PHP 5.6 :

# yum -y install epel-release
# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm
# yum -y install php56w php56w-devel php56w-common php56w-mbstring php56w-gd \
   php56w-xml php56w-mcrypt php56w-mysqlnd php56w-imap php56w-pdo \
   php56w-snmp php56w-soap php56w-xmlrpc php56w-opcache php56w-iconv mod_ssl wget

Step: 7. Start Apache Service :

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 8. Start MySQL Service & Set Root Password :

# service mysqld restart
# chkconfig mysqld on

# mysql_secure_installation

Step: 9. Create Database for Drupal :

# mysql -u root -p
Enter the Password:

mysql> create database drupaldb;
mysql> grant all privileges on drupaldb.* to drupal@localhost identified by 'password';
mysql> grant all privileges on drupaldb.* to drupal@'%' identified by 'password';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

Step: 10. Download & Extract Drupal Source Code :

# cd /var/www/html/
# wget https://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-8.1.0.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf drupal-8.1.0.tar.gz
# mv drupal-8.1.0 drupal
# chown -Rf apache:apache /var/www/html/drupal

Step: 11. We need to Create Settings file from the default.settings.php File :

# cd /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/
# cp -p default.settings.php settings.php
# chmod a+w /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/settings.php
# chmod a+w /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default

Step: 12. Enable Apache mod_rewrite Module :

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Line No: 338

AllowOverride None To AllowOverride All

At the End, Add this Line :

RewriteEngine on

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service httpd restart

Step: 12. Install Drupal Through Web Browser :

http://10.100.99.247/drupal/core/install.php

-- Choose Language: English & Click on "Save & Continue"
-- Choose Profile: Standard & Clcik on "Save & Continue"
-- Database Configuration:
     Database Name: drupaldb
     Database Username: drupal
     Database Password: password
  
-- Clcik on "Save & Continue".
-- SITE INFORMATION:
     Site Name: domain.com
     Site Email Address: koushik@domain.com
-- SITE MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT:
     Username: admin
     Password: Passw0rd
     Confirm Password: Passw0rd
-- REGIONAL SETTINGS:
     Default Country: India
-- Click on "Save & Continue"
  
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Step: 1. Install Yum-Cron Package :

# yum -y install yum-cron

Step: 2. Configure Yum-Cron :

Note: By default, this software is configured to download all the updates & apply them immediately after downloading, but we can change these behaviors in its configuration file. In my opinion the default is good for what i want to achieve, download & install all the updates, if you just want a mail that tell you which packages are available set the parameter CHECK_ONLY to yes, this will NOT download the updates but will just check if there are updates & will send an email to the root account if there is something that can be updated.

# vi /etc/sysconfig/yum-cron

# Don't install, just check (valid: yes|no)
CHECK_ONLY=yes

# Don't install, just check & download (valid: yes|no)
DOWNLOAD_ONLY=no

# by default MAILTO is unset, so crond mails the output by itself.
MAILTO=koushik@domain.com

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 3. Block Packages from being Automatically Updated :

Note: If you want to exclude some packages from being updated.

# vi /etc/yum.conf

YUM_PARAMETER="-x kernel* -x php* -x httpd*"

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 4. Start Yum-Cron Service :

# service yum-cron start
# chkconfig yum-cron on

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Q. What is Netdata?

-- Netdata is a extremely optimized Linux utility that provides real-time (per second) performance monitoring for Linux systems, applications, SNMP devices, etc. and shows full interactive charts that absolutely render all collected values over the web browser to analyze them.

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

10.100.99.247    ser1.domain.com    ser1

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Stop the IPTables & Disable Selinux :

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 3. Update the Date & Time on the Server :

# yum -y install ntp
# service ntpd restart
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org
# chkconfig ntpd on
# init 6

Step: 4. Install Netdata Dependencies :

# yum -y install zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make git autoconf autogen automake pkgconfig

Step: 5. Clone the Netdata Repository from Git Repository & Run Netdata Installer Script :

# cd /mnt
# git clone https://github.com/firehol/netdata.git --depth=1
# cd netdata
# ./netdata-installer.sh

Press ENTER to build and install netdata to your system >

Step: 6. Start Netdata by executing the following Command & You can also Stop Netdata by Terminating it’s Process with killall Command :

# /usr/sbin/netdata
# killall netdata

Note: Netdata saves on exit its round robbin Database information under /var/cache/netdata file, so that when you start again Netdata, it will Continue from where it was stopped last time.

Step: 7. Updating Netdata & Restart the Netdata and Check on Browser :

# cd /mnt/netdata
# git pull
# ./netdata-installer.sh

http://IP-Address:19999

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MariaDB is a community-developed fork of the MySQL relational database management system intended to remain free under the GNU GPL. It is notable for being led by the original developers of MySQL, who forked it due to concerns over its acquisition by Oracle.

Step: 1. Stop the Database Server :

# systemctl stop mariadb.service

On Ubuntu Users :

# service mariadb stop

Step: 2. Start MariaDB with Unrestricted Access :

# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &

Press Enter.

Step: 3. Now the Database is Started, Logon to it without Passwords :

# mysql -u root

Step: 4. Change the MariaDB root Password :

mariadb> use mysql;
mariadb> update user set password=PASSWORD("new-password") where User='root';
mariadb> flush privileges;
mariadb> \q

Step: 5. Stop the Database :

# systemctl stop mariadb.service

Step: 6. Now Start the MariaDB Service :

# systemctl start mariadb.service

Step: 7. Logon as the root User with the New Password :

# mysql -u root -p

Enter Password:

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Q. What is Rkhunter?
-- rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter) is a Unix-based tool that scans for rootkits, backdoors and possible local exploits.

Step: 1. Downloading Rkhunter Package :

# yum -y install wget mailx
# cd /tmp
# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/rkhunter/rkhunter/1.4.2/rkhunter-1.4.2.tar.gz

Step: 2. Installing Rkhunter :

# tar -xvf rkhunter-1.4.2.tar.gz
# cd rkhunter-1.4.2
# ./installer.sh --layout default --install

Step: 3. Checking & Updating Rkhunter Database Properties :

# /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --update
# /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --propupd

Step: 4. Setting Cronjob & Email Alerts :

# vi /etc/cron.daily/rkhunter.sh

#!/bin/sh
(
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter --versioncheck
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter --update
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter --cronjob --report-warnings-only
) | /bin/mail -s 'rkhunter Daily Run (PutYourServerNameHere)' mail@your_domain.com

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/rkhunter.sh

Step: 5. To scan the Entire File System :

# rkhunter --check

Step: 6. All Results have been Written to the Log File :

# cat /var/log/rkhunter.log

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Q. What is PFX File ?

-- Personal Information Exchange Format (PFX) enables transfer of certificates and their private keys from one computer to another or to removable media. The Microsoft Windows CryptoAPI uses the PFX format, also known as PKCS #12. Export the certificate and key file together to PFX format using OpenSSL.

Step: 1. First Go To Start Menu & Click Run or Simply Press Win+R & Type "mmc" & Press OK button.


Step: 2. Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Wizard Will Appear. Click on File Menu & Then click "Add/Remove Snap in".


Step: 3. Select "Certificate" & Click Add.


Step: 4. Select "Computer Account" & Click on Next.


Step: 5. Select "Local Computer" & Click on Finish.


Step: 6. Finally, Click OK.


Step: 7.  Now, Expand "Certificates" & Right Click on "Personal". Then go to "All Tasks" & Click "Import".


Step: 8. Certificate Import Wizard will Appear & Click Next.


Step: 9. Click on "Browse".


Step: 10. Select Certificate Type in Drop down List. Select "All Files" Or You can use "Personal Information Exchange".


 Step: 11. Select Your .pfx File & Click Open.


Step: 12. Click on Next.



Step: 13. Give Exportable Password & Check "Mark this Key as Exportable..." & "Include all Extended properties" & Click Next.


 Step: 14. Select "Automatically select the Certificate store..." & Click Next.


Step: 15. Completing the Certificate Import Wizard by Clicking Finish.



Step: 16. Click OK. Refresh the MMC Panel to view the Newly Imported Certificate.



Step: 17. Now, Go to IIS Management Console & Bind the SSL Certificate.

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