Kousik Chatterjee's Blog

Q. What is SSHFS ?

-- SSHFS is a Filesystem Based on the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). On remote side we just need to Install SSH Server, Since most of SSH Servers already support this, there are nothing to do on Remote Server except Installing SSH Server. On Client Side we need to Install "fuse sshfs" Packages to Mount Remote Filesystem. Newer Version of SSHFS uses FUSE. We Can use it as Alternative of NFS.

Features of SSHFS:

1. Based on FUSE (Best userspace Filesystem Framework for Linux).
2. Multithreading: more than one request can be on it’s way to the server.
3. Allowing large reads (max 64k).
4. Caching Directory Contents.

Scenario :
=======

10.100.97.39    ser3.domain.com    (SSHFS Server)
10.100.97.40    ser4.domain.com    (SSHFS Client)

Step: 1. Bind Host File (on Both Server) :

# vi /etc/hosts

10.100.97.39    ser3.domain.com    ser3
10.100.97.40    ser4.domain.com    ser4

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Stop the IPTables & Disable Selinux (on Both Server) :

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 3. Update the Date Time on the Server (on Both Server) :

For CentOS User :

# yum -y install ntp
# service ntpd restart
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org
# chkconfig ntpd on

For Ubuntu User :

# apt-get -y install ntp
# service ntp restart
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org

Step: 4. Reboot the System :

# init 6

Step: 5. Install FUSE-SSHFS (on Both Server) :

Note: For CentOS/RHEL users, Fuse SSHFS is Available under EPEL Repository, So make sure you have Install EPEL Repository in your System.

For CentOS/RHEL User :

# yum -y install epel-release
# yum -y install fuse-sshfs

For Ubuntu & Dabian User :

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -y install sshfs

Step: 6. Mount Remote Directory (on Client SSHFS Server) :

Note: Lets mount Remote Server Directory using sshfs, make sure remote system has running SSH Server with proper SSH Connectivity from your System.

First Create a Mount Point :

# mkdir /mntssh

Lets Mount the Remote Directory. For this Example we are Mounting /home/remoteuser Directory from 10.100.97.39 (ser3.domain.com) System to our Local System.

# sshfs root@ser3.domain.com:/home/remoteuser /mntssh

[Sample Output]

The authenticity of host 'ser3.domain.com (10.100.97.39)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 90:41:70:63:04:60:31:84:34:b8:38:21:50:32:86:dd.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
root@ser3.domain.com's password: Remote Server Root Password Here.

Step: 7. Verify Mount (on Client SSHFS Server) :

After Mounting Remote Filesystem on Local Mount Point (/mntssh), Verify it by Running Mount Command.

# mount

/dev/xvda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
none on /proc/xen type xenfs (rw)
root@ser3.domain.com:/home/remoteuser on /mntssh type fuse.sshfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)

Also Navigate to your Mount Point, you will see Files there from Remote System.

# cd /mntssh
# ls

Step: 8. Mount Directory on System Boot :

Note: If you want to Mount Remote Filesystem Automatically each time when your System Reboots, Add following Entry :

# vi /etc/fstab

root@ser3.domain.com:/home/remoteuser /mntssh fuse.sshfs defaults 0 0

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Note: Make sure you have have key based ssh Setup between Remote & Local System. Otherwise Fstab Fail to Mount the Remote Filesystem.

Step: 9. SSH Key Based Authentication Setup (On Both Server) :

On Ser3 (10.100.97.39) :

# ssh-keygen -t rsa
# ssh-keygen -t dsa
# cd /root/.ssh
# cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
# cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
# scp authorized_keys root@ser4.domain.com:/root/.ssh/

On Ser4 (10.100.97.40) :

# ssh-keygen -t rsa
# ssh-keygen -t dsa
# cd /root/.ssh
# cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
# cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
# scp authorized_keys root@ser3.domain.com:/root/.ssh/

Step: 10. Now lets Test if Both Servers can SSH each other without Password or not :

On Ser3 (10.100.97.39) :

[root@ser3 ~]# ssh ser4
Last login: Wed Aug 10 15:32:06 2016 from 10.100.97.39
[root@ser4 ~]# exit

[root@ser3 ~]# ssh ser4 date
Wed Aug 10 15:32:16 IST 2016

On Ser4 (10.100.97.40) :

[root@ser4 ~]# ssh ser3
Last login: Wed Aug 10 15:32:06 2016 from 10.100.97.40
[root@ser3 ~]# exit

[root@ser4 ~]# ssh ser3 date
Wed Aug 10 15:32:06 2016 IST 2016

Step: 11. Unmount Directory :

If your work is over & you don’t Need anymore the mounted Directory, Simply unmount is using Following command.

# umount /mntssh

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Step: 1. Stop Iptables & Disable Selinux :

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Restart the Server :

# init 6

Step: 3. Bind the Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.100.221 db01.domain.com    db01

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 4. Set Hostname :

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

HOSTNAME=db01.domain.com

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# hostname db01.domain.com

Step: 5. Update the System :

# yum -y update

Step: 6. Add the Following lines in the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file :

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Oracle Important Parameter :
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

-- To Load the Configuration :

# sysctl -p

Step: 7. Add the Following lines to the "/etc/security/limits.conf" file :

# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# Oracle Important Parameter :
oracle   soft   nofile     1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc     2047
oracle   hard   nproc   16384
oracle   soft   stack       10240
oracle   hard   stack      32768

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 8. Install the Following Required Packages for Oracle 12c :

# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++* gcc* glibc* ksh libgcc* libstdc++* libaio* libXext* libX11* libXau* libxcb* libXi* make sysstat unixODBC*

Or Install the Package One by One :

# yum -y install binutils
# yum -y install compat-libcap1
# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33
# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33.i686
# yum -y install gcc
# yum -y install gcc-c++
# yum -y install glibc
# yum -y install glibc.i686
# yum -y install glibc-devel
# yum -y install glibc-devel.i686
# yum -y install ksh
# yum -y install libgcc
# yum -y install libgcc.i686
# yum -y install libstdc++
# yum -y install libstdc++.i686
# yum -y install libstdc++-devel
# yum -y install libstdc++-devel.i686
# yum -y install libaio
# yum -y install libaio.i686
# yum -y install libaio-devel
# yum -y install libaio-devel.i686
# yum -y install libXext
# yum -y install libXext.i686
# yum -y install libXtst
# yum -y install libXtst.i686
# yum -y install libX11
# yum -y install libX11.i686
# yum -y install libXau
# yum -y install libXau.i686
# yum -y install libxcb
# yum -y install libxcb.i686
# yum -y install libXi
# yum -y install libXi.i686
# yum -y install make
# yum -y install sysstat
# yum -y install unixODBC
# yum -y install unixODBC-devel

Step: 9. Create the new groups & users for Oracle :

# groupadd dba
# useradd -g dba oracle

Step: 10. Edit the "/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf" file :

# vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf

# Change this :
*          soft    nproc    1024

# To this :
*          soft    nproc    16384

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 11. Create the Directories in which the Oracle Software will be Installed :

# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
# chown -Rf oracle:dba /u01
# chmod -Rf 775 /u01

Step: 12. Configure the .bash_profile for Oracle :

# su - oracle
$ vi .bash_profile

-- Add the Following Lines at the End of the file :

# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db01.domain.com
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=oradb
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=oradb

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

$ . .bash_profile
$ exit

-- Copy the Software of Oracle 12c (in zip) in to '/u01' location using Winscp.

# cd /u01
# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
# chmod -Rf 777 database
# chown -Rf oracle:dba database
# ll

[OUTPUT]
drwxrwxrwx 7 oracle dba        4096 Jul  7 20:09 database

Open Xmanager & do the following Step :

Click New -> Give Session Name -> OK -> Host: (192.168.100.221) -> Protocaol: (SSH) -> User Name: (root) -> Click on Password Setup -> Give Password -> Check on Save Password -> OK -> Command: (xterm -ls -display $DISPLAY) -> Click on Save -> Run.

# su - oracle

Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the Database Directory.
$ sh /u01/database/runInstaller

-- Email (leave blank)
-- Uncheck I Wish to receive security updates vi My Oracle Support.
-- Click "Next"
-- Yes
-- Choose Install database Software Only.
-- Click "Next"
-- Choose Single Instance Database Installtion
-- Click "Next"
-- Add Language (English)
-- Click "Next"
-- Choose Enterprise Edition
-- Click "Next"
-- Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle
-- Software Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
-- Click "Next"
-- Inventory Ditectory: /u01/app/oraInventory
-- Ora Inventory Group Name: dba
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Check on "Ignore All"
-- Click "Next"
-- Yes
-- Click On "Install"

Note: after installation the s/w run the two scripts genrated by system on root user.

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh

OK -> Close.

Create Database using dbca with the help of xmanager.

# su - oracle
$ dbca

-- Choose "Create Database"
-- Click "Next"
-- Advanced Mode
-- Click "Next"
-- Choose General Purpose or Transaction Processing
-- Click "Next"
-- Global Database Name: oradb
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Choose Use the Same Administrative Password for All Account
-- Give Password
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Check "Sample Schemas"
-- Click "Next"
-- Memory Size: (Upto 75-80%)
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Finally Click "Finish".
-- Close.

Note: If Facing any Memory_Target related error then do the following :

-- Increase Temp Size :

# df -h
# mount -o remount,size=1G /dev/shm
# df -h
# vi /etc/fstab

tmpfs  /dev/shm  tmpfs  defaults,size=1G  0 0

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# mount -a

After this do the Above Step to Create a Database.

# su - oracle

To View the Database :

# cat /etc/oratab

oradb:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1:N

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

To Start the Database :

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  413372416 bytes
Fixed Size                                     2289016 bytes
Variable Size                              335544968 bytes
Database Buffers                    71303168 bytes
Redo Buffers                             4235264 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>

To Check The Oracle Version :

SQL> select version from v$instance;

VERSION
------------
12.1.0.2.0

To Shutdown the Database :

SQL> shutdown immediate

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Q. What is Drupal?

-- Drupal is content management software. The application includes a content management platform and a development framework. It's used to make many of the websites and applications you use every day. Drupal has great standard features, like easy content authoring, reliable performance, and excellent security.

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

10.100.99.214           drupal.domain.com    drupal

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Disable Selinux & Stop Firewall :

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

Step: 3. Install NTP Server (for Time Syncronization) :

# yum -y install ntp
# service ntpd restart
# chkconfig ntpd on
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org

Step: 4. Install Apache Server :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel

Step: 5. Install PHP 5.6 :

# yum -y install epel-release
# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm
# yum -y install php56w php56w-cli php56w-devel php56w-common php56w-mbstring \
    php56w-gd php56w-xml php56w-mcrypt php56w-mysqlnd php56w-imap php56w-pdo \
    php56w-snmp php56w-soap php56w-xmlrpc php56w-opcache php56w-iconv \
    php56w-ldap php56w-pear mod_ssl wget

Step: 6. Install MySQL Server 5.6 :

# rpm -Uvh http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install mysql mysql-server

Step: 7. Finally Restart the Apache Service :

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 8. Start MySQL Service & Set Root Password :

# service mysqld restart
# chkconfig mysqld on

# mysql_secure_installation

Step: 9. Create Database for Drupal :

# mysql -u root -p
Enter Password:

mysql> create database drupaldb;
mysql> grant all privileges on drupaldb.* to drupal@localhost identified by 'password';
mysql> grant all privileges on drupaldb.* to drupal@'%' identified by 'password';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

Step: 10. Download & Extract Drupal Source Code :

# cd /var/www/html/
# wget http://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-7.50.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf drupal-7.50.tar.gz
# mv drupal-7.50 drupal
# chown -Rf apache:apache /var/www/html/drupal

Step: 11. We need to Create Settings file from the default.settings.php File :

# cd /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/
# cp -p default.settings.php settings.php
# chmod a+w /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/settings.php
# chmod a+w /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/

Step: 12. Enable Apache mod_rewrite Module & Set Date-Time In php.ini :

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Line No: 338

AllowOverride None To AllowOverride All

At the End, Add this Line :

RewriteEngine on

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# vi /etc/php.ini

date.timezone = "Asia/Kolkata"

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service httpd restart

Step: 13. Install Drupal Through Web Browser :

http://10.100.99.214/drupal/core/install.php

-- Choose Profile: Standard & Clcik on "Save & Continue"
-- Choose Language: English & Click on "Save & Continue"
-- Database Configuration:
     Database Type: Select "MySQL, MariaDB, Percona Server, or equivalent"
     Database Name: drupaldb
     Database Username: drupal
     Database Password: password
  
-- Clcik on "Save & Continue".
-- SITE INFORMATION:
     Site Name: drupal.domain.com
     Site Email Address: koushik@domain.com
-- SITE MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT:
     Username: admin
     Password: Passw0rd
     Confirm Password: Passw0rd
-- REGIONAL SETTINGS:
     Default Country: India
-- Click on "Save & Continue"
-- Click on "View Your New Site."

Step: 14. Install & Configure MongoDB :

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb.repo

[mongodb]
name=MongoDB Repo
baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# yum -y install mongo-10gen mongo-10gen-server

# vi /etc/mongod.conf

## Change Line Number 19 "bind_ip"

bind_ip=0.0.0.0

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service mongod restart
# chkconfig mongod on

Step: 15. Install MongoDB Driver :

# yum -y install gcc openssl-devel
# pecl install mongo

Build with Cyrus SASL (MongoDB Enterprise Authentication) support? [no] : Just Press Enter.

Step: 16. Add the Extension in php.ini File :

# vi /etc/php.d/mongo.ini

extension=mongo.so

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 17. Finally Restart the Apache Service & Verify :

# service httpd restart

# php -i | grep mongo

Step: 18. Install MongoDB Module in Drupal :

# cd /opt
# wget http://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/mongodb-7.x-1.x-dev.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf mongodb-7.x-1.x-dev.tar.gz
# mv mongodb /var/www/html/drupal/sites/all/modules/
# chown -Rf apache:apache /var/www/html/drupal/sites/all/modules/mongodb
# cd /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default
# vi local.settings.php

<?php
# MongoDB
$conf['mongodb_connections'] = array(
     'default' => array(
       'host' => 'localhost',                   
       'db' => 'drupal', // Database name. Mongodb will automatically create the database.
       'connection_options' => array( 'replicaSet' => 'my_mongodb_0' ),
      ),
   );

include_once('./includes/cache.inc');

   # -- Configure Cache
   $conf['cache_backends'][] = 'sites/all/modules/mongodb/mongodb_cache/mongodb_cache.inc';
   $conf['cache_class_cache'] = 'DrupalMongoDBCache';
   $conf['cache_class_cache_bootstrap'] = 'DrupalMongoDBCache';
   $conf['cache_default_class'] = 'DrupalMongoDBCache';

   # -- Don't touch SQL if in Cache
   $conf['page_cache_without_database'] = TRUE;
   $conf['page_cache_invoke_hooks'] = FALSE;

   # Session Caching
   $conf['session_inc'] = 'sites/all/modules/mongodb/mongodb_session/mongodb_session.inc';
   $conf['cache_session'] = 'DrupalMongoDBCache';

   # Field Storage
   $conf['field_storage_default'] = 'mongodb_field_storage';

   # Message Queue
   $conf['queue_default_class'] = 'MongoDBQueue';
?>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# chown apache:apache local.settings.php
# chmod 644 local.settings.php

# sed -i 's|localhost|10.100.99.214|g' /var/www/html/drupal/sites/all/modules/mongodb/mongodb.module
# sed -i 's|localhost|10.100.99.214|g' /var/www/html/drupal/sites/all/modules/mongodb/mongodb.drush.inc

http://10.100.99.214/drupal/admin/modules

Note: Now Open the Admin Panel of Drupal & Uncheck the "Block" & "Dashboard" from the Modules & Check all the Modules of MongoDB Section except "MongoDB Cache" & "MongoDB Migrate".

-- Click on "Save Configuration."

# mongo
mongo> show dbs
admin   (empty)
drupal  0.078GB
local   0.078GB

mongo> use drupal
mongo> show collections

session
system.indexes
watchdog
watchdog_event_3f71fc116d395612bd0b3dd8e022dc09
watchdog_event_782ddf217853242a4f40f642a4792b9e
watchdog_event_d29d18b2c99dc1af6e22838feee53c62

mongo> exit

** That mean the MongoDB has been Successfully Integrated with the Drupal.

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Q. What is WaypointHR?
 
-- WaypointHR provides a flexible Human Resource Information System (HRIS) developed by HR-Fundamentals ltd. Managing employee records and personal information - WaypointHR. It is an HR database that features a PHP based web-interface and a MySQL database. Effective management reports and ease of use are the major focus of this HR software. WaypointHR is available in two version the free one and On-Demand.

Requirements :

1. MySQL 4.1 or MySQL 5.
2. PHP 5.
3. MySQLi & InnoDB recommended.

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.100.220 hr.domain.com    hr

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Disable Selinux & Stop Iptables :

 # vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

 SELINUX=disabled

 -- Save & Quit (:wq)
 
# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# init 6

Step: 3. Install EPEL Repo :

# cd /tmp
# wget wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Or
# yum -y install epel-release


Step: 4. Install Apache Server :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel wget

Step: 5. Restart Apache Service :

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 6. Install MySQL Database Server :

# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel

Step: 7. Start Mysql Service :

# service mysqld restart
# chkconfig mysqld on

Step: 8. Set Mysql Root Password :

# mysql_secure_installation

Step: 9. Install PHP5 Scripting Language :

# yum -y install php php-mysql php-common php-gd php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel \
    php-xml php-imap php-ldap php-mbstring php-odbc php-pear php-xmlrpc php-soap mod_ssl

Step: 10. Create Database For WaypointHR :

# mysql -u root -p
Enter Password:

mysql> create database waypoint;
mysql> grant all on waypoint.* to waypoint@'localhost' identified by 'redhat123G';
mysql> grant all on waypoint.* to waypoint@'%' identified by 'redhat123G';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

Step: 11. Download WaypointHR Tar File :

# cd /var/www/html
# wget http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/waypointhr/waypointhr/0.3_Alpha_5/WaypointHR_Release_0.3_Alpha_5.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf WaypointHR_Release_0.3_Alpha_5.tar.gz

Step: 12. Configure WaypointHR for Apache :

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

<Directory /var/www/html/waypointhr>
        Options -Indexes +Multiviews +FollowSymLinks
        DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
        AllowOverride All
        Allow from all
</Directory>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 13. Restart httpd Service :

# service httpd restart

Step: 14. Point Your Web Browser :

http://192.168.100.220/waypointhr

-- Click on Continue with Installation.
-- Click on Continue with Installation.
-- Database Creation :
     Server name: localhost
     Server port: 3306
     Schema: waypoint
     Table prefix: whr_
     Username: waypoint
     Password: redhat123G

-- Finally Click on Create Database.

-- Click on 'Click Here'

Username: admin
Password: admin

Note: By default username: admin, pass: admin

Step: 15. Reset WaypointHR Admin Password :

# cd /var/www/html/waypointhr/
# vi reset.php

Find this Line:

// reset_admin_password('newpassword');

Delete // and Set you admin password.

reset_admin_password('Passw0rd');

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Now Open Your Web Browser & Type :

http://192.168.100.220/waypointhr/reset.php

Your admin password has been reset. Please edit the reset.php file the return to WaypointHR login as normal.

# vi reset.php

Find this Line:
reset_admin_password('Passw0rd');

and Change To :

// reset_admin_password('newpassword');

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

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Q. What is PXE Boot Server ?

-- PXE Server, stands for preboot Execution Environment, is used to Enable a Network Computer to boot only from a Network interface card.

PXE Environment needs Following Services :

1. DHCP server that distributes the IP addresses to the client systems.
2. TFTP Server which makes bootable images available to be downloaded via network using
    Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
3. Syslinux package which provides bootloaders for network booting.
4. http/ftp (any one) which will host the local mounted mirrored DVD (RHEL/CentOS6) image,
    from where the installer will extract its required packages.

PXE Server Details :

OS: CentOS 6.5 Minimal Installation
IP Address: 192.168.1.52/24
Hostname: pxe.domain.com
SELinux Disabled on PXE Server
IPtables Stopped on PXE Server

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.1.50    pxe.domain.com    pxe

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Disable Selinux & Stop Firewall :

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

Step: 3. Reboot the System :

# init 6

Step: 4. Install DHCP-Server, SYSLINUX Bootloaders, TFTP-Server, Web-Server 
                 (Apache httpd),  FTP-Server (Optional) :

# yum -y install dhcp tftp-server syslinux http ftp vsftpd

Step: 5. Configure HTTP/FTP Server :

# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6
# mount -o loop /tmp/CentOS-6.iso /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/pxeboot.conf

Alias /centos6 /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6
<Directory /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6>
      Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
          Order Allow,Deny
          Allow from all
</Directory>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service httpd start
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 6. Manually Browse to the Server IP & Verify if you can see all the Files :

http://192.168.1.50/centos6/

Step: 7. Enable the tftp Service in Xinetd :

# cp -r /usr/share/syslinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

service tftp
{
    socket_type       = dgram
    protocol               = udp
    wait                        = yes
    user                        = root
    server                    = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
    server_args        = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
    disable                 = no
    per_source         = 11
    cps                          = 100 2
    flags                      = IPv4
}

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service xinetd start
# chkconfig xinetd on

Step: 8. Configure PXE Boot Server :

# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default menu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 300
ONTIMEOUT local
menu title ########## PXE Boot Menu ##########
label 1
menu label ^1) Install CentOS 6 Edition
kernel centos6/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
append initrd=centos6/images/pxeboot/initrd.img method=http://192.168.1.52/centos6 devfs=nomount
label 2
menu label ^2) Boot from local drive localboot

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 9. Configure DHCP Server :

# vi /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd

DHCPDARGS=eth0

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

option domain-name "pxe.domain.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1, 8.8.8.8;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    range 192.168.1.240 192.168.1.254;
    option routers 192.168.1.1;
    option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
}
allow booting;
    allow bootp;
    next-server 192.168.1.50;            # PXE Server IP Address.
    filename "pxelinux.0";

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service dhcpd restart
# service xinetd restart
# service httpd restart

# chkconfig dhcpd on
# chkconfig xinetd on

Note:

KERNEL - Defines the location from where the PXELINUX bootloader will load.
APPEND - Defines the location for PXE initrd image file to load.
FTP Server - There is not much Change for ftp server just replace the below line in the above file.

APPEND initrd=centos6/images/pxeboot/initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.1.6/centos6/ devfs=nomount


# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6
OR
# mkdir /var/ftp/pub/centos6

# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

anonymous_enable=YES
anon_root=/var/lib/tftpboot/centos6 # Specify the path

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service vsfptd restart
# chkconfig vsftpd on

ftp://192.168.1.50/centos6/

Step: 10. PXE Client Configuration :

The Client may be any System that has Network boot Enabled Option (PXE boot). You can Enable this Option in your BIOS Settings. That’s it. Now, power on the Virtual client system.

Once you have Reached PXE Menu, Choose your CentOS 6 Installation Type, hit Enter key & Continue with the Installation Procedure the same way as you might Install it from a Local Media Boot Device.

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Q. What is iTop?

-- iTop, stands for IT Operational Portal, is an Open Source web based application for the day to day operations of an IT environment. iTop was designed with the ITIL best practices in mind but does not dictate any specific process, the application is flexible enough to adapt to your processes whether you want rather informal and pragmatic processes or a strict ITIL aligned behaviour.

• Using iTop you can :

- Document your entire IT infrastructure assets such as servers, applications, network devices,
   virtual machines, contacts.. etc.
- Manage incidents, user requests, planned outages.
- Document IT services and contracts with external providers including service level agreements.
- Export all the information in a manual or scripted manner.
- Import or synchronize/federate any data from external systems.

• Features :

- Fully configurable CMDB.
- HelpDesk and Incident Management.
- Service and Contract Management.
- Change Management.
- Configuration Management.
- Automatic SLA management.
- Automatic impact analysis.
- CSV import tool for all data.
- Consistency audit to check data quality.
- Data synchronization (data federation).

Configuration :

Step: 1. Install EPEL Repo :

# yum -y install epel-release

Step: 2. Install Apache Server :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel mod_ssl wget

Step: 3. Start Apache Server :

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 4. Install Mysql Server :

# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel

Step: 5. Set MySQL Root Password :

# service mysqld restart
# chkconfig mysqld on

# mysql_secure_installation

Step: 6. Install PHP5 Scripting Language :

# yum -y install php php-mysql php-common php-gd php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel \
   php-xml php-imap php-ldap php-mbstring php-odbc php-pear php-xmlrpc php-soap \
   php-cli graphviz

Step: 7. We need to Adjust the following PHP Settings :

# vi /etc/php.ini

post_max_size = 32M

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 8. Restart Apache Server To Load the New Configuration :

# service httpd restart

Step: 9. Download & Install iTop :

# yum -y install zip unzip
# cd /var/www/html
# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/itop/files/itop/2.0.2/iTop-2.0.2-1476.zip
# unzip iTop-2.0.2-1476.zip
# mv web itop
# rm -rf iTop-2.0.2-1476.zip INSTALL LICENSE README

Step: 10. Create the following Directory & Make them to be Writable :

# mkdir /var/www/html/itop/conf
# mkdir /var/www/html/itop/data
# mkdir /var/www/html/itop/env-production
# mkdir /var/www/html/itop/log
# chmod 777 /var/www/html/itop/conf/
# chmod 777 /var/www/html/itop/data
# chmod 777 /var/www/html/itop/env-production/
# chmod 777 /var/www/html/itop/log

Step: 11. Finally, Install iTop Using Web Browser :

http://Server_ip_address/itop

-- Click on "Continue"
-- Select "Install a New iTOP"
-- Click on "Next"
-- I Accept the Agreement.
-- Click Next
-- MySQL Sever Details :
     Server Name: localhost,
     Login: root,
     Password: redhat

Database :

Select Create a new Database: itopdb
-- Click Next.

Administrator Account :

Login: admin
Password: Passw0rd
Confirm password: Passw0rd

-- Language: English
-- Click Next.

Sample Data :

If you directly use it in production environment, then select the second option and Click Next. I want to populate my database with some demo data’s, so checked the first option.

-- Click Next.
-- Click Next.
-- Select "Service Management for Enterprises"
-- Click Next.
-- Select "ITIL Compliant Tickets Management" & Check 'User Request Management' &  
     'Incident Management'
-- Then Click Next
-- Select "ITIL Change Management"
-- Click Next.
-- Check Both Option 'Known Errors Management' & 'Problem Management'
-- Click Next.
-- Click Install.
-- Finally Click on Enter iTop.

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Q. What is Joomla?

-- Joomla is a popular Open Source Content Management System (CMS) tool which allows us to easily build dynamic website and manage online applications. It also manage & publish your website contents like video, pictures, articles on the website. Joomla is freely available, which supports huge third party plug-ins and themes. With the help of Content Management System (CMS), you can set up websites in the World Wide Web (WWW) without having knowledge of programming.

Step: 1. Set Host Name :

# hostname joomla.domain.com
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

HOSTNAME=joomla.domain.com

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

10.100.99.214           joomla.domain.com    joomla

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 3. Disable Selinux & Stop Firewall :

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

Step: 4. Install NTP Server (for Time Synchronization) :

# yum -y install ntp ntpdate
# service ntpd restart
# chkconfig ntpd on
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org

Step: 5. Install Apache Server :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel

Step: 6. Edit httpd.conf file :

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

#ServerName www.example.com:80

-- Add this Line:

ServerName ip_address_of_server:80

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 6. Download & Extract Joomla Package :

# cd /var/www/html
# wget http://joomlacode.org/gf/download/frsrelease/18323/80367/Joomla_3.1.1-Stable-Full_Package.tar.gz
# mkdir joomla
# tar zxvf Joomla_3.1.1-Stable-Full_Package.tar.gz -C joomla/

# chmod -Rf 775 joomla

Step: 7. Edit the 'httpd.conf' File :

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

-- Add those Lines :

<Directory /var/www/html/joomla>
    Options -Indexes +Multiviews
       DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    AllowOverride All
    Allow from all
</Directory>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 8. Install MySQL Database Server :

# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel

Step: 9. Start MySQL Service :

# service mysqld start
# chkconfig mysqld on

Step: 10. Setup MySQL Root Password :

# mysql_secure_installation

Step: 11. Create Database & User for Joomla :

# mysql -u root -p

-- Give root Password.

Mysql> create database joomladb character set utf8;
Mysql> grant all privileges on joomla.* to joomla@'localhost' identified by 'password';
Mysql> grant all privileges on joomla.* to joomla@'%' identified by 'password';
Mysql> flush privileges;
Mysql> exit

Step: 12. Install PHP5 Scripting Language :

# yum -y install epel-release
# yum -y install php php-devel php-cli php-mysql php-common php-gd php-mbstring \
   php-mcrypt php-imap php-xml php-xmlrpc

Step: 13. Check php Configuration :

# vi /var/www/html/info.php

<?php
  phpinfo();
?>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 14. Restart Apache to Load php :

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 15. Then Point your Browser to http://ip_address/info.php :

Ex- http://10.100.99.214/info.php

Step: 16. Configure Joomla Server through Web Browser :

Go to http://10.100.99.214/joomla

-- Select Language: English
-- Site Name: Koushik's World
     Admin Email: kchatterjee@domain.com
-- Admin Username: admin
     Admin Password: Passw0rd
     Confirm Admin Password: Passw0rd
  
-- Click Next
-- Database Type: MySQL
     Hostname: localhost
     Username: joomla
     Password: password
     Database Name: joomladb
  
-- Click Next.
-- Just Skip Ftp Configuration.
-- Click Next.
-- Select Blog English Sample Data.
-- Click Install.
-- Click on Remove Installation Folder.
-- Click on Site.

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-- GlassFish is an Application Server which can also be used as a Web Server (Http Server). GlassFish Server is the world's first implementation of the Java Platform.

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

10.100.97.39           ser3.domain.com    ser3

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Disable Selinux & Stop Firewall :

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

Step: 3. Install NTP Server (for Time Synchronization) :

# yum -y install ntp
# service ntpd restart
# chkconfig ntpd on
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org

# init 6

Step: 4. Installing the Java :

# yum -y install wget
# cd /opt
# wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header 'Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie' http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u5-b13/jdk-8u5-linux-x64.rpm
   
# yum -y install jdk-8u5-linux-x64.rpm

Step: 5. Setup JAVA_HOME Variable :

# export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_05
# export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME
# echo $JAVA_HOME

Step: 6. Edit the Java Profile :

# vi /etc/profile.d/java.sh

#!/bin/bash
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_05
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH JAVA_HOME
export CLASSPATH=.

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/java.sh
# source /etc/profile.d/java.sh

Step: 7. Check Version of JAVA :

# java -version

java version "1.8.0_05"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_05-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 25.5-b02, mixed mode)

Step: 8. Download & Extract Glassfish :

# yum -y install unzip
# cd /opt
# wget http://download.java.net/glassfish/4.1.1/release/glassfish-4.1.1.zip
# wget http://download.java.net/glassfish/4.0/release/glassfish-4.0.zip
# unzip glassfish-4.1.1.zip

Step: 9. Start the GlassFish Server :

# /opt/glassfish4/bin/asadmin start-domain

Waiting for domain1 to start .........
Successfully started the domain : domain1
domain  Location: /opt/glassfish4/glassfish/domains/domain1
Log File: /opt/glassfish4/glassfish/domains/domain1/logs/server.log
Admin Port: 4848
Command start-domain executed successfully.

Step: 10. Set GlassFish Admin Password (By Default Password is Blank) :

# cd /opt/glassfish4/bin/
# ./asadmin
asadmin> change-admin-password

Enter admin user name [default: admin]> Just Press Enter.
Enter the admin password> Just Press Enter.
Enter the new admin password> Passw0rd (Press Enter.)
Enter the new admin password again> Passw0rd (Press Enter.)
Command change-admin-password executed successfully.

Step: 11. Enabled to Access the DAS Remotely on GlassFish :

asadmin> enable-secure-admin

Enter admin user name>  admin
Enter admin password for user "admin"> Passw0rd

You must restart all running servers for the change in secure admin to take effect.
Command enable-secure-admin executed successfully.

asadmin> stop-domain

Waiting for the domain to stop .
Command stop-domain executed successfully.

asadmin> start-domain

Waiting for domain1 to start .......
Successfully started the domain : domain1
domain  Location: /opt/glassfish4/glassfish/domains/domain1
Log File: /opt/glassfish4/glassfish/domains/domain1/logs/server.log
Admin Port: 4848
Command start-domain executed successfully.

asadmin> exit
Command multimode executed successfully.

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-- This tutorial describes how to give users chrooted SSH or SFTP access on CentOS. With this setup, you can give your users shell access without having to fear that they can see your whole system. Your users will be jailed in a specific directory which they will not be able to break out of.

Step: 1. Create a New Group For SFTP Users :

# groupadd sftpusers

Step: 2. Create a SFTP User :

# mkdir /var/www/html/koushik.com
# useradd -g sftpusers -d /var/www/html/koushik.com/koushik -s /sbin/nologin koushik
# passwd koushik

Step: 3. Configure SFTP Server :

# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

-- Find & Commented :

#Subsystem      sftp    /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

-- Add those Lines :

Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
AllowUsers koushik

# User specific configuration
Match User koushik
ChrootDirectory /var/www/html/koushik.com
X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no
ForceCommand internal-sftp

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 4. Restart SFTP/SSH Service :

# service sshd restart

Step: 5. Give Permission of Chroot Directory :

# chown -Rf koushik:sftpusers /var/www/html/koushik.com/
# chmod -Rf 755 /var/www/html/koushik.com/

Step: 6. Testing SFTP Chroot Jail :

# sftp koushik@192.168.100.229

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

koushik@192.168.100.229's password: redhat

sftp> pwd
Remote working directory: /
sftp> cd /tmp
Couldn't canonicalise: No such file or directory
sftp> cd /etc
Couldn't canonicalise: No such file or directory
sftp> mkdir test
sftp> ls
test
sftp> bye
[root@ser2 ~]#

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Q. What is VSFTPD ?

-- vsftpd, (or very secure FTP daemon), is an FTP server that runs on Linux/UNIX Operating Systems. It is Licensed under the GNU General Public License. It supports IPv6 and SSL. VSFTP is a secure, stable, and fast FTP Server.

Step: 1. Install VSFTP Server :

# yum install -y vsftpd

Step: 2. Configure FTP Server :

# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

Find these Lines :

-- At line 12:

anonymous_enable=NO

-- At lines 96 & 97 Uncommented the following :

chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES

-- At line 98 Uncomment the following :

chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

-- Just delete the # sign

userlist_enable=YES

-- Save & Exit (:wq)

Step: 3. Make the Directory Accessible to the ftp-users Group :

# useradd -d /var/www/path/to/your/dir -s /usr/sbin/nologin ftpuser1
# passwd ftpuser1
# chown -Rf ftpuser1 /var/www/path/to/your/dir
# chmod 775 /var/www/path/to/your/dir

Step: 4. Create a File Under /etc/vsftpd :

# vi /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

-- Jail Users or Limits Users to only their home directory. To add the limited user name in the 'chroot_list'

ftpuser1
ftpuser2

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 5. To Add a nologin to the Shell :

# vi /etc/shells

-- The file should look like this:

    /bin/ksh
    /usr/bin/rc
    /usr/bin/tcsh
    /bin/tcsh
    /usr/bin/esh
    /bin/dash
    /bin/bash
    /bin/rbash

-- Add this line at the End:

    /usr/sbin/nologin

-- Save & Exit (:wq)

Step: 6. Now Create a usergroup & Add the ftpuser1 to it :

# addgroup ftp-users
# usermod -Gftp-users ftpuser1

Step: 7. Restart the FTP Service :

# service vsftpd restart
# chkconfig vsftpd on
# netstat -tulpn | grep :21
# service vsftpd status

Step: 8. Configure Firewall & Set SELinux for FTP :

# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 20 -j ACCEPT
# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 12000:12100 -j ACCEPT
# iptables -I INPUT -p udp -m tcp --dport 12000:12100 -j ACCEPT

# setsebool -P ftpd_disable_trans=1

Step: 9. View FTP Log File :

# tail –100f /var/log/vsftpd.log

Step: 10. VSFTP Passive Port Configuration :

# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

-- Add these Lines at the End:

# PASV Configurations :
pasv_promiscuous=YES
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=12000
pasv_max_port=12100
#pasv_address=X.X.X.X

# Other Parameter :
max_login_fails=5
max_per_ip=5
max_clients=10
require_ssl_reuse=NO
listen_port=21
use_localtime=YES
connect_from_port_20=NO

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service vsftpd restart

Step: 11. Check Connectivity through Web Browser:

ftp://192.168.72.142
Enter User name & Password.

-- Or You Can use Filezilla or Any other FTP Client.

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What is Apache CouchDB?

-- Apache CouchDB is an open source document-oriented database with NoSQL. NoSQL means, it doesn’t have any database schema, tables, rows, etc. CouceDB uses JSON to store data with documents, which you can access from a web browser via HTTP. CouchDB works smoothly with all latest modern web and mobile apps.

Step: 1. Install Build Tools & Required Dependencies :
 
# apt-get update
# apt-get -y upgrade
# apt-get -y install build-essential erlang-base-hipe erlang-dev erlang-manpages erlang-eunit \
   erlang-nox libicu-dev libmozjs185-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev wget

Step: 2. Installing CouchDB  :

# cd /tmp
# wget http://mirror.fibergrid.in/apache/couchdb/source/1.6.1/apache-couchdb-1.6.1.tar.gz
# tar -xvf apache-couchdb-1.6.1.tar.gz
# rm -rf apache-couchdb-1.6.1.tar.gz
# cd apache-couchdb-1.6.1
# ./configure
# make && make install

Step: 3. Configuring CouchDB :

# adduser --disabled-login --disabled-password --no-create-home couchdb
# chown -Rf couchdb:couchdb /usr/local/var/lib/couchdb/
# chown -Rf couchdb:couchdb /usr/local/var/log/couchdb/
# chown -Rf couchdb:couchdb /usr/local/var/run/couchdb/
# ln -s /usr/local/etc/init.d/couchdb /etc/init.d/couchdb
# update-rc.d couchdb defaults

Step: 4. Give HTTP Access To CouchDB :

# vi /usr/local/etc/couchdb/local.ini

-- Uncomment & Modify Line No. 11 & 12 :

[httpd]
port = 5984
bind_address = 0.0.0.0

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 5. Start CouchDB Service :

# service couchdb start
# service couchdb status

Step: 6. Verifing CouchDB :

# curl http://localhost:5984

Or

Open Web Browser & Type: http://10.100.97.37:5984

Step: 7. Access Couchdb Web Interface For Manage the Database :

http://10.100.97.37:5984/_utils/

-- Create Admin User :

-- By Default there is no admin user, you need to create one by just clicking on the bottom right
     corner that says "Fix this". Once you click on that link you will prompted to enter admin user
     and password.

-- Give Username & Password.
-- Click on "Create" Button.

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