Kousik Chatterjee's Blog

Q. What is Chamilo?

-- Chamilo is a  software which is used for virtual/online trainings or Learning Management System. Chamilo is absolutely free and comes under GPL License, with Chamilo you can store and organize all of study materials which can be utilized by tutors and students.

-- Some of the important features of Chamilo are:

1. Course and user management based on various user’s profiles like students, Teachers, Session
     Managers, Administrators.
2. You can Download, upload or hide some course contents as and when required.
3. Create, add , delete questions in the form of multiple choice, fill in the blank, matching type questions or
     open questions.
4. Various types of survey can be conducted with the help of Chamilo.
5. You can enable deadline based assignments.
6. Users can be generated in bulk.
7. CSV/Excel data can bde downloaded or uploaded and Instant results reports can be generated.

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.72.220    ser1.domain.com    ser1

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Disable Selinux & Firewall :

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

Step: 3. Install NTP :

# yum -y install ntp
# service ntpd restart
# chkconfig ntpd on
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org

Step: 4. Install Apache Server :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel

Step: 5. Install MySQL Database Server :

# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel

Step: 6. Install Epel Repo :

# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

Step: 7. Install PHP :

# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm

# yum -y install php56w php56w-mysql php56w-common php56w-gd php56w-mbstring \
    php56w-mcrypt php56w-devel php56w-xml php56w-imap php56w-ldap php56w-pdo \
    php56w-odbc php56w-pear php56w-xmlrpc php56w-soap php56w-cli mod_ssl \
    libtool-ltdl mhash mcrypt unzip
 
Step: 8. Start Apache Service :

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 9. Set MySQL Root Password :

# service mysqld restart
# chkconfig mysqld on

# mysql_secure_installation

Step: 10. Create Database and User for Chamilo :

# mysql -u root -predhat

mysql> create database chamilodb;
mysql> grant all privileges on chamilodb.* TO chamilo@localhost identified by 'password';
mysql> grant all privileges on chamilodb.* TO chamilo@'%' identified by 'password';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

Step: 11. Install Some Prerequired Packages :

# yum -y install gcc-c++ libuuid-devel

Step: 12. Modify php.ini :

# vi /etc/php.ini

date.timezone = "Asia/Kolkata"
max_execution_time = 300
max_input_time = 600
memory_limit = 256M
post_max_size = 128M
upload_max_filesize = 128M
session.cookie_httponly = On
extension = xapian.so

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 13. Enable Internationalization Support in PHP :

# yum -y install libicu libicu-devel.x86_64
# /usr/bin/pecl install intl
# echo 'extension=intl.so' >> /etc/php.ini

Step: 13. Download latest Version of Chamilo :

# cd /var/www/html/
# wget https://github.com/chamilo/chamilo-lms/archive/v1.10.0.zip
# unzip v1.10.0.zip
# rm -rf v1.10.0.zip
# mv chamilo-lms-1.10.0 chamilo
# chmod -Rf 755 /var/www/html/chamilo
# chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/chamilo

Step: 14. Restart the Apache Service :

# service httpd restart

Step: 15. Install Chamilo Through Web Browser :

http://192.168.72.220/chamilo

-- Click on "Install Chamilo".
-- Select Language & Click Next.
-- Scroll Down & Click "New Installation".
-- Check "I Accept" & Click Next.
-- MySQL database settings:
     Database Host: localhost
     Port: 3306
     Database Login: chamilo
     Database Password: password
     Main Chamilo database (DB): chamilodb
  
-- Click on "Check Database Connection".
-- Click Next.
-- Config settings:
     Administrator login: admin
     Administrator Password: Passw0rd
     Administrator first name: Koushik
     Administrator last name: Chatterjee
     Administrator email: kchatterjee@domain.com
  
-- Click Next.
-- Click "Install Chamilo".
-- Click "Go to Your Newly Created Portal".
     User: admin
     Pass: Passw0rd

Thanks For Visiting on My Blog, For More Tutorials Keep Visiting My Blog

 

Q. What is Mibew Messenger ?

-- Mibew Messenger, also known as Open Web Messenger, is an open-source live/chat support application written in PHP and MySQL. It enables one-on-one chat assistance in real-time directly from your website. Just place the Mibew Messenger button at your site, the visitors of your site will be able to get assistance from your operators, technical support executives and customer support executives who help them by clicking on the chat button.

Features:

– Visitors can do real-time chat without page refresh.
– Unlimited operators, chats, and users.
– Unlimited departments (groups of operators).
– Priority queue of visitors.
– Localized to 10+ languages, unicode support.
– Runs on your server and domain.
– Complete free and Open source.

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.72.220    ser1.domain.com ser1

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Disabled Firewall & Selinux :

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 3. Install Apache Server :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel wget unzip

Step: 4. Install MySQL Server :

# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel

Step: 5. Start MySQL Service & Set Root Password :

# service mysqld restart
# chkconfig mysqld on

# mysql_secure_installation

Step: 6. Install PHP5 Scripting Language :

# yum -y install php php-mysql php-common php-gd php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel \
    php-xml php-imap php-ldap php-mbstring php-odbc php-pear php-xmlrpc php-soap \
    mod_ssl php-cli
 
Step: 7. Start Apache Service :

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 8. Create Database For Mibew :

# mysql -u root -p
Enter Password:

mysql> create database mibewdb;
mysql> grant all privileges on mibewdb.* TO mibew@localhost identified by 'password';
mysql> grant all privileges on mibewdb.* TO mibew@'%' identified by 'password';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

Step: 9. Download & Install Mibew :

# mkdir /var/www/html/mibew
# cd /var/www/html/mibew
# wget https://netix.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mibew/core/2.2.0/mibew-2.2.0.zip
# unzip mibew-2.2.0.zip
# rm -rf mibew-2.2.0.zip

Step: 10. Set Privileges to Mibew Directory :

# chown -Rf root:apache /var/www/html/mibew/
# chmod -Rf 755 /var/www/html/mibew/

Step: 11. Set your Mibew Application Path & DB Settings :

# vi /var/www/html/mibew/libs/config.php

$webimroot = "/mibew";

*  MySQL Database parameters
 */
$mysqlhost = "localhost";
$mysqldb = "mibewdb";
$mysqllogin = "mibew";
$mysqlpass = "password";
$mysqlprefix = "";

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 12. Now, Point your Web Browser & Type :

http://192.168.72.220/mibew/install

-- Click on Create Required Tables link.

User: "admin" with blank Password.

-- Edit General Operator Settings:
     Login: admin
     Email: kchatterjee@domain.com
     Password: Passw0rd
     Confirmation: Passw0rd
     Name: Koushik Chatterjee
  
-- Click on Save.

Step: 13. For Security Reason Remove the /mibew/install/ folder :

# rm -rf /var/www/html/mibew/install/

Step: 14. Add the Chat Button on My Website :

-- Go to the Mibew Admin Console.
-- Click on Button Code.
-- Copy the HTML Code & you can Paste them in your Website at any place.
-- You can Change the Chat image using Choose image Button & can Change the Chat window Style as well.

Step: 15. To View the Emails :

-- Open Mibew Admin Panel (http://192.168.72.220/mibew)
-- Login into Admin User.
-- Click on Notification.

You can See the All Emails there.

Thanks For Visiting on My Blog, For More Tutorials Keep Visiting My Blog

 

Q. What is osCommerce ?

-- OsCommerce (Online Shopping Store) is an e-commerce and Online Store-Management Software program. It can be used on any web server that has PHP and MySQL installed. It is available as free software under the GNU General Public License.

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.72.221    ser2.domain.com    ser2

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Stop Firewall :

For CentOS/RHEL Users :

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

For Debian Users :

# service ufw stop

Step: 3. Disable Selinux :

Important: This 3rd Step, is only Applicable for RedHat & CentOS Based Systems only, Debian & Ubuntu users skip this Step.

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Important: In Case you Don’t want to Disable Selinux you can use the Following Command to over-ride policy :

# chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_rw_t /var/www/html/

Step: 4. Reboot the System :

# init 6

Step: 5. Install Apache Server :

For CentOS/RHEL Users :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel

For Debian Users :

# apt-get -y install apache2

Step: 6. Install PHP :

For CentOS/RHEL Users :

# yum -y install php php-mysql php-common php-gd php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel \
    php-xml php-imap php-ldap php-mbstring php-odbc php-pear php-xmlrpc php-soap php-cli \
    php-pdo php-intl mod_ssl
 
For Debian Users :

# apt-get -y install php5 php5-mysql libapache2-mod-php5

Step: 7. Restart Apache Service :

For CentOS/RHEL Users :

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

For Debian Users :

# service apache2 restart

Step: 8. Install MySQL Server :

For CentOS/RHEL Users :

# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel

For Debian Users :

# apt-get -y install mysql-client mysql-server

Step: 9. Start MySQL Service & Set MySQL Root Password :

# service mysqld restart
# chkconfig mysqld on

# mysql_secure_installation

Step: 10. Create Database For osCommerce :

# mysql -u root -predhat

mysql> create database commercedb;
mysql> grant all privileges on commercedb.* to commerce@localhost identified by 'password';
mysql> grant all privileges on commercedb.* to commerce@'%' identified by 'password';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

Step: 11. Install Following System Utilities :

For CentOS/RHEL Users :

# yum -y install wget unzip

For Debian Users :

# apt-get -y install wget unzip

Step: 12. Download OsCommerce Online Shopping Package :

# cd /var/www/html
# wget http://www.oscommerce.com/files/oscommerce-2.3.4.zip
# unzip oscommerce-2.3.4.zip
# mv oscommerce-2.3.4/catalog /var/www/html/commerce
# rm -rf oscommerce-2.3.4 oscommerce-2.3.4.zip

Step: 13. Give Appropriate Permission :

# chmod 777 /var/www/html/commerce/includes/configure.php
# chmod 777 /var/www/html/commerce/admin/includes/configure.php

Step: 14. Installing OsCommerce Online Shopping Package through Web Browser :

http://<ip_or_domain>/commerce/install

-- Click on "Start"
-- Database Server:
     Database Server: localhost
     Username: commerce
     Password: password
     Database Name: commercedb
  
-- Click on "Continue"
-- Web Server:
     WWW Address: http://192.168.72.221/commerce/
     Webserver Root Directory: /var/www/html/commerce/
  
-- Click on "Continue"
-- Online Store Settings:
     Store Name: Your Store Name
     Store Owner Name: Koushik Chatterjee
     Store Owner E-Mail Address: kchatterjee@domain.com
     Administrator Username: admin
     Administrator Password: Passw0rd
     Time Zone: select Kolkata

-- Click on "Continue"

Step: 15. Secure the osCommerce Online Shopping Store :

# rm -rf /var/www/html/commerce/install/
# chmod 644 /var/www/html/commerce/includes/configure.php
# chmod 644 /var/www/html/commerce/admin/includes/configure.php

Step: 16. To Check & Set the Appropriate Permission :

http://192.168.72.221/commerce/admin/login.php
Username: admin
Password: Passw0rd

-- Click on "Tools"
-- "Security Directory Permissions".

# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/commerce/images/
# chown -R root:apache /var/www/html/commerce/images/
# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/commerce/pub/
# chown -R root:apache /var/www/html/commerce/pub/
# chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/commerce/includes/
# chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/commerce/admin/
# chown -R root:apache /var/www/html/commerce/admin/backups/
# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/commerce/admin/backups/
# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/commerce/includes/work/
# chown -R root:apache /var/www/html/commerce/includes/work/

# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/commerce/images/
# chown -R root:apache /var/www/html/commerce/images/
# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/commerce/pub/
# chown -R root:apache /var/www/html/commerce/pub/
# chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/commerce/includes/
# chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/commerce/admin/
# chown -R root:apache /var/www/html/commerce/admin/backups/
# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/commerce/admin/backups/
# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/commerce/includes/work/
# chown -R root:apache /var/www/html/commerce/includes/work/

-- Click on "Configuration"
-- Click on "Administrator"

# chmod 775 /var/www/html/commerce/admin/.htpasswd_oscommerce
# chmod 775 /var/www/html/commerce/admin/.htaccess
# chgrp apache /var/www/html/commerce/admin/.htpasswd_oscommerce
# chgrp apache /var/www/html/commerce/admin/.htaccess
   
-- Again Click on "Administrator"
-- Click on "Edit" Button.
-- Give Admin User Name & Password.
-- Check on "Protect With htaccess/htpasswd".
-- Finally Click on "Save" Button.

http://192.168.72.221/commerce/

Thanks For Visiting on My Blog, For More Tutorials Keep Visiting My Blog

Q. What is GlusterFS ?

-- GlusterFS is an open source, powerful clustered file system capable of scaling to several petabytes of storage which is available to user under a single mount point. It uses already available disk filesystems like ext3, ext4, xfs etc to store data and client will able to access the storage as local filesystem. GlusterFS cluster aggregates storage blocks over Infiniband RDMA and/or TCP/IP interconnect in a single global namespace.

Before the Installation:

Ensure that TCP and UDP ports 24007 and 24008 are open on all Gluster Servers.
Apart from these ports, you need to open one port for each brick starting from port 24009.
For example: if you have five bricks, you need to have ports 24009 to 24014 open.

Step: 1. Make sure to Add the bind the hostname of every Servers :

# vi /etc/hosts
   
192.168.100.220 ser1.domain.com   ser1   # (Server)
192.168.100.221 ser2.domain.com   ser2   # (Server)
192.168.100.229 ser5.domain.com   ser5   # (Client)

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Stop Firewall & Disable the Selinux (All Nodes) :

# iptables -L
   
# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
   
SELINUX=disabled
   
-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 3. Reboot the All Servers :

# init 6
               
Step: 4. Time Synchronization NTP (Both Nodes) :

# yum -y install ntp
# chkconfig ntpd on
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org
# service ntpd start

Step: 5. Install Epel Repo (All Servers) :

# yum -y install epel-release

Step: 6. Installation Gusterfs (on ser1.domain.com & ser2.domain.com) :

# cd /tmp
# wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/LATEST/CentOS/glusterfs-epel.repo
# yum -y install glusterfs glusterfs-fuse glusterfs-server

Step: 7. Installation on Client (ser5.domain.com) :

On Client execute following command to install clusterfs client side packages.

# cd /tmp
# wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/LATEST/CentOS/glusterfs-epel.repo
# yum -y install glusterfs glusterfs-fuse fuse fuse-libs libibverbs
   
Step: 8. Start Glusterfs Service (on Ser1 & Ser2):

# service glusterd start
# chkconfig glusterfsd on
   
Step: 9. Creating Trusted Storage Pool (on Ser1.domain.com):

-- Trusted storage pool are the servers which are running as gluster servers and will provide bricks for volumes. You will need to probe all servers to the main server ( here : ser1 is main server ) (don't probe ser1 or localhost). We will now create all three servers in a trusted storage pool and probing will be done on ser1.

# gluster peer probe 192.168.100.221
OR
# gluster peer probe ser2

Probe successful.

# gluster peer status
   
-- To Remove Server from the Trusted Storage Pool :

# gluster peer detach ser1

Step: 10. Creating Replicated Glusterfs Server Volume (on Ser1.domain.com) :

-- A gluster volume is a logical collection of bricks where each brick is an export directory on a server in the trusted storage pool. Use replicated volumes in storage where high-availability and high-reliability are critical because replicated volumes create same copies of files across multiple bricks in the volume.

Important Note: /data is New Attached Volume for Ser1 & Ser2.

# gluster volume create rep-volume replica 2 ser1:/data ser2:/data force
   
Here: force is used as gluster permits us to create the volume in another disk only.
   
Step: 11. Starting the replicated volume (on Ser1.domain.com) :

# gluster volume start rep-volume
# gluster volume info
# gluster pool list

Step: 12. We cannot mount the /data bricks by the same name. So mounting it on /shared. on both the servers (on Ser1 & Ser2) :

# mkdir /shared
# mount -t glusterfs ser1:/rep-volume /shared
# df -h
   
-- Now add following line at the end of /etc/fstab file to make it available to server on every reboot.

# vi /etc/fstab
   
ser1.domain.com:/rep-volume /shared glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0

-- Save & Quit (:wq)
       
On Client Machine :
===============
You can just mount and the gluster volume is ready.
   
# mkdir /shared
# mount -t glusterfs ser1:/rep-volume /shared
# df -h
# vi /etc/fstab
       
ser1.domain.com:/rep-volume /shared glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0

-- Save & Quit (:wq)
   
Create a file in any of the nodes and Check the replication is working in all the nodes.

Thanks For Visiting on My Blog, For More Tutorials Keep Visiting My Blog

 

Q. What is PEN ?

-- Install Pen to configure Load Balance server. Pen is a light weight simple load balancer. This example shows to configure on the environment like follows.

Scenario:
=======
192.168.100.229    ser5.domain.com     ser5 - PEN Server
192.168.100.220    ser1.domain.com     ser1 - Web Server1
192.168.100.221    ser2.domain.com     ser2 - Web Server2

Step: 1. Bind Hosts File (All Servers) :

# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.100.229    ser5.domain.com     ser5
192.168.100.220    ser1.domain.com     ser1
192.168.100.221    ser2.domain.com     ser2

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Install and Configure Pen (192.168.100.229-ser5.domain.com) :

# cd /tmp
# wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# rpm -Uvh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

# yum -y install pen

# vi /etc/pen.conf

-- Paste the Following Lines :

# log file
LOGFILE=/var/log/pen.log

# output file of status
WEBFILE=/var/www/pen/webstats.html

# control port
CONTROL=127.0.0.1:10080

# max connections
MAX_CONNECTIONS=500

# listen port
PORT=80

# number of backend servers
BACKEND=2

# IP address of a backend webserver
SERVER1=192.168.100.220:80

# IP address of a backend webserver
SERVER2=192.168.100.221:80

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 3. Create init Script for Pen :

# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/pend

#!/bin/bash

# pend: Start/Stop Pend
# chkconfig: - 90 10
# description: Pen is a light weight simple load balancer.
# pidfile: /var/run/pen.pid

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
. /etc/sysconfig/network
. /etc/pen.conf

LOCKFILE="/var/lock/subsys/pen"
PID=/var/run/pen.pid
PROG=/usr/bin/pen

RETVAL=0
start() {
   echo -n $"Starting Pend: "
   SERVER=`grep "^SERVER" /etc/pen.conf | cut -d= -f2`
   daemon $PROG -w $WEBFILE -x $MAX_CONNECTIONS -p $PID -l $LOGFILE -C $CONTROL -S $BACKEND -r $PORT $SERVER
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch $LOCKFILE
   return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
   echo -n $"Stopping Pend: "
   killproc $PROG
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f $PID $LOCKFILE
   return $RETVAL
}
case "$1" in
   start)
      start
      ;;
   stop)
      stop
      ;;
   status)
      status pend
      ;;
   restart)
      stop
      start
      ;;
   *)
      echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
      exit 1
esac
exit $?

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 4. Setting up Log Rotation :

# vi /etc/logrotate.d/pen

/var/log/pen.log {
   daily
   copytruncate
   compress
   notifempty
   missingok
   postrotate
     /etc/rc.d/init.d/pend restart 2>&1 > /dev/null || true
   endscript
}

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/pend
# service pend start
# chkconfig --add pend
# chkconfig pend on

Step: 5. Install & Configure Backend Web Server (Web-Server1 & Web-Server2) :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel
# cd /var/www/html
# vi index.html

<html>
<body bgcolor="black">
<marquee><font size="8" color="yellow"> This is Web-Server1...!!!</font></marquee>
</body>
</html>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

On Web-Server2 :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel
# cd /var/www/html
# vi index.html

<html>
<body bgcolor="black">
<marquee><font size="8" color="yellow"> This is Web-Server2...!!!</font></marquee>
</body>
</html>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 6. Now, Point Your Web Browser & Type :

http://192.168.100.229  # Pen Server IP Address.

Step: 7. Configure the tool that it's possible to watch Pen's Status :

# cp /usr/share/doc/pen-*/penstats /var/www/pen
# vi /var/www/pen/penstats

# Line No. 4: Change to:

PIDFILE=/var/run/pen.pid

# Line No. 5: Change to:

WEBFILE=/var/www/pen/webstats.html

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 8. Install Apache Server for See Pen Status :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Chenge Listen Port to:

Listen 8080

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/pen.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/pen.conf.bak
# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/pen.conf

Alias /pen/ /var/www/pen/
<Directory /var/www/pen/>
   DirectoryIndex penctl.cgi
   Options ExecCGI
   order deny,allow
   deny from all
   allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.100.0/24   # IP address you permit
</Directory>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on
# service pend restart

Step: 10. Run the Following Command :

# chmod 755 /var/www/pen/penstats
# /var/www/pen/penstats > /dev/null

Step: 10. Schedule in Crontab (Update by 1 minutes) :

# crontab -e

*/1 * * * * /var/www/pen/penstats > /dev/null

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service crond restart

Thanks For Visiting on My Blog, For More Tutorials Keep Visiting My Blog

Q. What is Proftpd?

-- ProFTPD is an FTP Server. ProFTPD is Free & open-source software, compatible with Unix-like systems and Microsoft Windows (via Cygwin). Along with vsftpd, Pure-FTPd and ProFTPD is among the most popular FTP servers in Unix-like environments today.

Step: 1. Install the EPEL Repository :

# yum -y install epel-release

Step: 2. Install Proftpd :

# yum -y install proftpd

Step: 3. Restart Proftp Service :

# service proftpd restart
# chkconfig proftpd on

Step: 4. Configure Proftpd :

# vi /etc/proftpd.conf

ServerName     "Give Hostname"

MasqueradeAddress       192.168.100.10    # Server IP Address
PassivePorts 60000 65535

# For Extension Retriction :

PathAllowFilter "\\.(jpg|jpgeg|mpeg|mpg|mp3)$"

or

PathDenyFilter "\\.(pdf|ini)$"

# For Upload File Size Limit :

MaxStoreFileSize  25 Mb
MaxRetrieveFileSize  25 Mb

# Jailing Directory :
<Anonymous /var/ftp/pub>
AnonRequirePassword       on
User                                                ftp
Group                                            ftp
RequireValidShell                   off
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
    AllowAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service proftpd restart

Note: If proftpd service fails to start bind it in hosts file.

# vi /etc/hosts

Add the <machine ip> <machine name>

Step: 5. Add a System User To Access FTP Server :

# useradd -d /home/koushik koushik
# passwd koushik

-- Give Password.

Go To Proftp Configuration File :

# vi /etc/proftpd.conf

-- At the End Add those Lines :

<Anonymous /var/ftp/pub>
AnonRequirePassword       on
User                                                <username>
Group                                              ftp
RequireValidShell                     off
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
          AllowAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 6. Change Server Level :

# vi /etc/pam.d/proftpd

-- Delete all & Add those Lines :

#%PAM-1.0
auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers onerr=succeed
auth include system-auth
auth required pam_shells.so
account include system-auth
session include system-auth
session required pam_loginuid.so

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 7. Restart Proftpd Service :

# service proftpd restart
# chkconfig proftpd on

Step: 8. Proftp Configuration for Specific User & Directory :

# groupadd ftpusers

# useradd -d /var/www/html/domain.com -G ftp -g ftpusers -s /sbin/nologin username
# passwd username

-- Give Password.

Step: 9. Change Group :

# chown -Rf username:ftp domain.com (Directory name of the Site)

Example :

# useradd -d /var/www/html/domain.com -G ftp -g ftpusers -s /sbin/lologin ftpdomain
# passwd ftpdomain

-- Give Password.

# chown -Rf ftpdomain:ftp /var/www/html/domain.com

Step: 11. Testing Proftpd Server :

-- Install Filezilla & Test the FTP Server.

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Q. What is PowerDNS?

-- PowerDNS is a DNS server, written in C++ and licensed under the GPL. It runs on most Unix derivatives. PowerDNS features a large number of different backends ranging from simple BIND style zonefiles to relational databases and load balancing/failover algorithms. A DNS recursor is provided as a separate program.

Step: 1. Install REMI and EPEL Repositories and Packages :

# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm

Step: 2. Installing MySQL Server :

# yum -y install mysql mysql-server

Step: 3. Set MySQL Root Password :

# service mysqld restart
# chkconfig mysqld on

# mysql_secoure_installation

Step: 4. Install Apache Server & PHP :

# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel php php-mcrypt php-pdo php-mysql php-devel php-gd \
    php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring gettext wget

Step: 5. Restart Apache Server :

# service httpd restart
# chkconfig httpd on

Step: 6. Install following two PEAR Packages :

# yum -y install php-pear-DB php-pear-MDB2-Driver-mysql

Step: 7. Create a Database for PowerDNS :

# mysql -u root -predhat

mysql> create database powerdns;
mysql> grant all privileges on powerdns.* to powerdns@'localhost' identified by 'password';
mysql> grant all privileges on powerdns.* to powerdns@'%' identified by 'password';

Step: 8. Create Tables :

mysql> use powerdns;
mysql> CREATE TABLE domains (
id INT auto_increment,
name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
master VARCHAR(128) DEFAULT NULL,
last_check INT DEFAULT NULL,
type VARCHAR(6) NOT NULL,
notified_serial INT DEFAULT NULL,
account VARCHAR(40) DEFAULT NULL,
primary key (id)
);

mysql> CREATE UNIQUE INDEX name_index ON domains(name);

mysql> CREATE TABLE records (
id INT auto_increment,
domain_id INT DEFAULT NULL,
name VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
type VARCHAR(6) DEFAULT NULL,
content VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
ttl INT DEFAULT NULL,
prio INT DEFAULT NULL,
change_date INT DEFAULT NULL,
primary key(id)
);

mysql> CREATE INDEX rec_name_index ON records(name);
mysql> CREATE INDEX nametype_index ON records(name,type);
mysql> CREATE INDEX domain_id ON records(domain_id);

mysql> CREATE TABLE supermasters (
ip VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
nameserver VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
account VARCHAR(40) DEFAULT NULL
);

mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit;

Step: 9. Install & Configure PowerDNS :

# yum -y install pdns pdns-backend-mysql

# vi /etc/pdns/pdns.conf

#################################
# launch Which backends to launch and order to query them in
#
# launch=

launch=gmysql
gmysql-host=localhost
gmysql-user=powerdns
gmysql-password=password
gmysql-dbname=powerdns

#################################

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service pdns restart
# chkconfig pdns on

Step: 10. Install PowerAdmin :

# cd /var/www/html
# wget https://github.com/downloads/poweradmin/poweradmin/poweradmin-2.1.6.tgz
# tar xvfz poweradmin-2.1.6.tgz
# mv poweradmin-2.1.6 poweradmin
# cd poweradmin/inc/
# mv config-me.inc.php config.inc.php

Step: 11. Edit config.inc.php & make sure to change password you've specified in Step 7 :

# vi config.inc.php

Modify db_pass and session_key to your own values :

$db_host                = 'localhost';
$db_port                = '3306';
$db_user                = 'powerdns';
$db_pass                = 'password';
$db_name                = 'powerdns';
$db_type                = 'mysql';
$session_key            = 'Passw0rd';

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# service httpd restart

Step: 12. Create PowerAdmin Account :

http://192.168.72.140/poweradmin

Click on Install -> Choose I prefer to proceed in English -> Go to Step2 -> Go to Step3 ->

Username: powerdns
Password: password
Database Type: MySQL
Hostname: 127.0.0.1
DB Port: 3306
Database: powerdns
PowerAdmin Administrator Password: Passw0rd

Go to Step4 -> This step is optional (SKIP) -> Go to Step5 -> Go to Step6 -> Go to Step7.

Note: Now we have finished the configuration, you should (must!) remove the directory "install/"

# cd /var/www/html/poweradmin
# mv install/ install_bak

Step: 13. Now you can login as Admin :

http://192.168.72.140/poweradmin

User: admin
Pass: Passw0rd

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Q. What is Apache Maven?

-- Apache Maven is a software project management and comprehension tool. Based on the concept of a project object model (POM), Maven can manage a project's build, reporting and documentation from a central piece of information.

Step: 1. Add the following line in sources.list file :

# vi /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/natecarlson/maven3/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/natecarlson/maven3/ubuntu precise main

-- Save & Quit (:wq)
       
Step: 2. Update the Systems & Install Maven3 :

# apt-get update --fix-missing
# apt-get install maven3
   
Step: 3. Create a Symbolic link :

# ln -s /usr/share/maven3/bin/mvn /usr/bin/mvn

Step: 4. Check mvn is Working :
   
# mvn -version

Apache Maven 3.2.1 (ea8b2b07643dbb1b84b6d16e1f08391b666bc1e9; 2014-02-14T17:37:52+00:00)
Maven home: /usr/share/maven3
Java version: 1.7.0_76, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "3.13.0-44-generic", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

Step: 5. Running Maven Tools :

-- These are the most Common default lifecycle phases executed.


# mvn validate: Validate the project is correct & all necessary information is available.

# mvn compile: Compile the source code of the project.

# mvn test: test the compiled source code using a suitable unit testing framework.

# mvn package: take the compiled code & package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR.

# mvn integration-test: Process & Deploy the Package if necessary into an environment where
integration tests can be run.

# mvn verify: Run any checks to verify the package is valid and meets quality criteria.

# mvn install: Install the package into the local repository, for use as a dependency in other projects locally.

# mvn deploy: Done in an integration or release environment, copies the final package to the rem.


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Q. What is LMD ?

-- Linux Malware Detect (LMD) is Malware detector & scanner for Linux, Designed for shared hosting environments. LMD is released under GNU GPLV2 license, it can be installed on cPanel WHM & Linux Environments with together other Detection tools such as ClamAV.

Prerequisite:

1. CentOS 6.x
2. Root Privileges.

Step: 1. Install Epel Repository :

# yum -y install epel-release

Step: 2. Install Mailx :

# yum -y install mailx

Step: 3. Install Linux Malware Detect (LMD) :

# cd /tmp
# wget http://www.rfxn.com/downloads/maldetect-current.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf maldetect-current.tar.gz
# cd maldetect-1.5
# ./install.sh

Step: 4. Make a Symlink to the maldet Command in the /bin/ Directory :

# ln -s /usr/local/maldetect/maldet /bin/maldet
# hash -r

Step: 5. Configure Linux Malware Detect (LMD) :

# cd /usr/local/maldetect/
# vi conf.maldet

-- Enable Email Alert by Changing the value to '1' on Line No 16.

email_alert="1"

-- Type in Your Email Address on Line No 21.

email_addr="koushik@domain.com"

-- Use the ClamAV Scan binary as default Scan Engine because it provides a high-performance Scan on large file sets. Change value to '1' on Line No 114.

scan_clamscan="1"

-- Enable Quarantining to move Malware to the Quarantine Automatically During the Scan Process. Change value to '1' on Line No 180.

quarantine_hits="1"

-- Enable Clean based Malware Injections. Change value to '1' on Line No 185.

quarantine_clean="1"

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 6. Install ClamAV :

# yum -y install clamav clamav-devel

Step: 7. Update the ClamAV Virus Databases :

# freshclam

Step: 8. Testing LMD and ClamAV :

-- Go to the Web root Directory & Download some sample malware (eicar) with wget.

# yum -y install wget
# cd /var/www/html
# wget http://www.eicar.org/download/eicar.com.txt
# wget http://www.eicar.org/download/eicar_com.zip
# wget http://www.eicar.org/download/eicarcom2.zip

-- Scan the Web root Directory with the maldet.

# maldet -a /var/www/html

Step: 9. Check the Scan Report :

# maldet --report 161008-0524.9466

Step: 10. Now Check the Email Report from LMD :

# tail -f /var/mail/root

Step: 11. Other LMD Commands :

-- Perform a Scan for Specific file Extention only :

# maldet -a /var/www/html/*.php

-- Get a List of all Reports :

# maldet -e list

-- Scan Files that have been Created/Modified in the last X Days :

# maldet -r /var/www/html/ 5

-- Restore Files from the Quarantine Directory :

# maldet -s SCANID

-- Enable Monitoring of a Directory :

# maldet -m /var/www/html/

-- Check the Monitor Log File :

# tail -f /usr/local/maldetect/logs/inotify_log

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Q. What is SSHFS ?

-- SSHFS is a Filesystem Based on the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). On remote side we just need to Install SSH Server, Since most of SSH Servers already support this, there are nothing to do on Remote Server except Installing SSH Server. On Client Side we need to Install "fuse sshfs" Packages to Mount Remote Filesystem. Newer Version of SSHFS uses FUSE. We Can use it as Alternative of NFS.

Features of SSHFS:

1. Based on FUSE (Best userspace Filesystem Framework for Linux).
2. Multithreading: more than one request can be on it’s way to the server.
3. Allowing large reads (max 64k).
4. Caching Directory Contents.

Scenario :
=======

10.100.97.39    ser3.domain.com    (SSHFS Server)
10.100.97.40    ser4.domain.com    (SSHFS Client)

Step: 1. Bind Host File (on Both Server) :

# vi /etc/hosts

10.100.97.39    ser3.domain.com    ser3
10.100.97.40    ser4.domain.com    ser4

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Stop the IPTables & Disable Selinux (on Both Server) :

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 3. Update the Date Time on the Server (on Both Server) :

For CentOS User :

# yum -y install ntp
# service ntpd restart
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org
# chkconfig ntpd on

For Ubuntu User :

# apt-get -y install ntp
# service ntp restart
# ntpdate pool.ntp.org

Step: 4. Reboot the System :

# init 6

Step: 5. Install FUSE-SSHFS (on Both Server) :

Note: For CentOS/RHEL users, Fuse SSHFS is Available under EPEL Repository, So make sure you have Install EPEL Repository in your System.

For CentOS/RHEL User :

# yum -y install epel-release
# yum -y install fuse-sshfs

For Ubuntu & Dabian User :

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -y install sshfs

Step: 6. Mount Remote Directory (on Client SSHFS Server) :

Note: Lets mount Remote Server Directory using sshfs, make sure remote system has running SSH Server with proper SSH Connectivity from your System.

First Create a Mount Point :

# mkdir /mntssh

Lets Mount the Remote Directory. For this Example we are Mounting /home/remoteuser Directory from 10.100.97.39 (ser3.domain.com) System to our Local System.

# sshfs root@ser3.domain.com:/home/remoteuser /mntssh

[Sample Output]

The authenticity of host 'ser3.domain.com (10.100.97.39)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 90:41:70:63:04:60:31:84:34:b8:38:21:50:32:86:dd.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
root@ser3.domain.com's password: Remote Server Root Password Here.

Step: 7. Verify Mount (on Client SSHFS Server) :

After Mounting Remote Filesystem on Local Mount Point (/mntssh), Verify it by Running Mount Command.

# mount

/dev/xvda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
none on /proc/xen type xenfs (rw)
root@ser3.domain.com:/home/remoteuser on /mntssh type fuse.sshfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)

Also Navigate to your Mount Point, you will see Files there from Remote System.

# cd /mntssh
# ls

Step: 8. Mount Directory on System Boot :

Note: If you want to Mount Remote Filesystem Automatically each time when your System Reboots, Add following Entry :

# vi /etc/fstab

root@ser3.domain.com:/home/remoteuser /mntssh fuse.sshfs defaults 0 0

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Note: Make sure you have have key based ssh Setup between Remote & Local System. Otherwise Fstab Fail to Mount the Remote Filesystem.

Step: 9. SSH Key Based Authentication Setup (On Both Server) :

On Ser3 (10.100.97.39) :

# ssh-keygen -t rsa
# ssh-keygen -t dsa
# cd /root/.ssh
# cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
# cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
# scp authorized_keys root@ser4.domain.com:/root/.ssh/

On Ser4 (10.100.97.40) :

# ssh-keygen -t rsa
# ssh-keygen -t dsa
# cd /root/.ssh
# cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
# cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
# scp authorized_keys root@ser3.domain.com:/root/.ssh/

Step: 10. Now lets Test if Both Servers can SSH each other without Password or not :

On Ser3 (10.100.97.39) :

[root@ser3 ~]# ssh ser4
Last login: Wed Aug 10 15:32:06 2016 from 10.100.97.39
[root@ser4 ~]# exit

[root@ser3 ~]# ssh ser4 date
Wed Aug 10 15:32:16 IST 2016

On Ser4 (10.100.97.40) :

[root@ser4 ~]# ssh ser3
Last login: Wed Aug 10 15:32:06 2016 from 10.100.97.40
[root@ser3 ~]# exit

[root@ser4 ~]# ssh ser3 date
Wed Aug 10 15:32:06 2016 IST 2016

Step: 11. Unmount Directory :

If your work is over & you don’t Need anymore the mounted Directory, Simply unmount is using Following command.

# umount /mntssh

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Step: 1. Stop Iptables & Disable Selinux :

# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 2. Restart the Server :

# init 6

Step: 3. Bind the Hosts File :

# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.100.221 db01.domain.com    db01

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 4. Set Hostname :

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

HOSTNAME=db01.domain.com

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# hostname db01.domain.com

Step: 5. Update the System :

# yum -y update

Step: 6. Add the Following lines in the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file :

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Oracle Important Parameter :
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

-- To Load the Configuration :

# sysctl -p

Step: 7. Add the Following lines to the "/etc/security/limits.conf" file :

# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# Oracle Important Parameter :
oracle   soft   nofile     1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc     2047
oracle   hard   nproc   16384
oracle   soft   stack       10240
oracle   hard   stack      32768

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 8. Install the Following Required Packages for Oracle 12c :

# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++* gcc* glibc* ksh libgcc* libstdc++* libaio* libXext* libX11* libXau* libxcb* libXi* make sysstat unixODBC*

Or Install the Package One by One :

# yum -y install binutils
# yum -y install compat-libcap1
# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33
# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33.i686
# yum -y install gcc
# yum -y install gcc-c++
# yum -y install glibc
# yum -y install glibc.i686
# yum -y install glibc-devel
# yum -y install glibc-devel.i686
# yum -y install ksh
# yum -y install libgcc
# yum -y install libgcc.i686
# yum -y install libstdc++
# yum -y install libstdc++.i686
# yum -y install libstdc++-devel
# yum -y install libstdc++-devel.i686
# yum -y install libaio
# yum -y install libaio.i686
# yum -y install libaio-devel
# yum -y install libaio-devel.i686
# yum -y install libXext
# yum -y install libXext.i686
# yum -y install libXtst
# yum -y install libXtst.i686
# yum -y install libX11
# yum -y install libX11.i686
# yum -y install libXau
# yum -y install libXau.i686
# yum -y install libxcb
# yum -y install libxcb.i686
# yum -y install libXi
# yum -y install libXi.i686
# yum -y install make
# yum -y install sysstat
# yum -y install unixODBC
# yum -y install unixODBC-devel

Step: 9. Create the new groups & users for Oracle :

# groupadd dba
# useradd -g dba oracle

Step: 10. Edit the "/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf" file :

# vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf

# Change this :
*          soft    nproc    1024

# To this :
*          soft    nproc    16384

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

Step: 11. Create the Directories in which the Oracle Software will be Installed :

# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
# chown -Rf oracle:dba /u01
# chmod -Rf 775 /u01

Step: 12. Configure the .bash_profile for Oracle :

# su - oracle
$ vi .bash_profile

-- Add the Following Lines at the End of the file :

# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db01.domain.com
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=oradb
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=oradb

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

$ . .bash_profile
$ exit

-- Copy the Software of Oracle 12c (in zip) in to '/u01' location using Winscp.

# cd /u01
# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
# chmod -Rf 777 database
# chown -Rf oracle:dba database
# ll

[OUTPUT]
drwxrwxrwx 7 oracle dba        4096 Jul  7 20:09 database

Open Xmanager & do the following Step :

Click New -> Give Session Name -> OK -> Host: (192.168.100.221) -> Protocaol: (SSH) -> User Name: (root) -> Click on Password Setup -> Give Password -> Check on Save Password -> OK -> Command: (xterm -ls -display $DISPLAY) -> Click on Save -> Run.

# su - oracle

Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the Database Directory.
$ sh /u01/database/runInstaller

-- Email (leave blank)
-- Uncheck I Wish to receive security updates vi My Oracle Support.
-- Click "Next"
-- Yes
-- Choose Install database Software Only.
-- Click "Next"
-- Choose Single Instance Database Installtion
-- Click "Next"
-- Add Language (English)
-- Click "Next"
-- Choose Enterprise Edition
-- Click "Next"
-- Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle
-- Software Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
-- Click "Next"
-- Inventory Ditectory: /u01/app/oraInventory
-- Ora Inventory Group Name: dba
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Check on "Ignore All"
-- Click "Next"
-- Yes
-- Click On "Install"

Note: after installation the s/w run the two scripts genrated by system on root user.

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh

OK -> Close.

Create Database using dbca with the help of xmanager.

# su - oracle
$ dbca

-- Choose "Create Database"
-- Click "Next"
-- Advanced Mode
-- Click "Next"
-- Choose General Purpose or Transaction Processing
-- Click "Next"
-- Global Database Name: oradb
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Choose Use the Same Administrative Password for All Account
-- Give Password
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Check "Sample Schemas"
-- Click "Next"
-- Memory Size: (Upto 75-80%)
-- Click "Next"
-- Click "Next"
-- Finally Click "Finish".
-- Close.

Note: If Facing any Memory_Target related error then do the following :

-- Increase Temp Size :

# df -h
# mount -o remount,size=1G /dev/shm
# df -h
# vi /etc/fstab

tmpfs  /dev/shm  tmpfs  defaults,size=1G  0 0

-- Save & Quit (:wq)

# mount -a

After this do the Above Step to Create a Database.

# su - oracle

To View the Database :

# cat /etc/oratab

oradb:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1:N

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

To Start the Database :

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  413372416 bytes
Fixed Size                                     2289016 bytes
Variable Size                              335544968 bytes
Database Buffers                    71303168 bytes
Redo Buffers                             4235264 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>

To Check The Oracle Version :

SQL> select version from v$instance;

VERSION
------------
12.1.0.2.0

To Shutdown the Database :

SQL> shutdown immediate

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